An Introduction to Estimands in Clinical Trials [Video]

Learn how clear estimands sharpen trial design, data capture, and analysis—so the final number answers the clinical question that matters.

In this explainer, we cover what an estimand is and how it differs from an estimate and an estimator. You’ll hear the four elements—population, variable, handling of intercurrent events, and summary measure—and how to choose strategies that fit the decision context: treatment policy, composite, hypothetical, while-on-treatment, and principal stratum. We also discuss selecting interpretable measures, from hazard ratios to restricted mean survival time, and how to align protocol wording, case report forms, and the statistical analysis plan so implementation is feasible. Finally, we share practical steps, focused sensitivity analyses, and common pitfalls to avoid, including conflating missing data with intercurrent events and using estimators that do not target the stated question.

At Quanticate, our biometrics teams help sponsors define decision-ready estimands and deliver aligned protocols, data flows, and analyses. With deep expertise across data management and statistics, we support trials that remain robust, transparent, and inspection-ready. Submit an RFI today.